Is it possible to get a brief outline of Israel's past, present, and future? This will answer a lot of questions for me as well as for a lot of other people who think that Israel has been replaced.

God’s special plan for the Jewish people is clearly laid out in Scripture. In the Old Testament, God chose Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to establish the unconditional Abrahamic covenant. The Jewish people were given promises of the land of Israel, of offspring with one special messianic descendant, through whom the whole world would be blessed (Gen. 12:1–3; 15:1–21; 17:1–22; 22:15–18; 26:1–6; 35:9–12).

When God redeemed the nation of Israel from Egypt, He brought them to Mt. Sinai and called them to be a nation of priests, mediating the knowledge of God to the rest of the world (Ex. 19:4–6). Because Israel could not keep the Law that God had given them, they needed a Redeemer. God sent the Messiah Jesus. Although many Jewish people believed in Him, most did not (John 1:11). As a result, the Lord Jesus said He would not return until Israel welcomed Him back as the Messiah (Matt. 23:37–39).

The Jewish people remain God’s chosen and beloved nation because of the promises God made to the Patriarchs (Rom. 11:28–29). Nevertheless, despite their status, Jewish people need to trust in Jesus as their Redeemer to experience God’s forever forgiveness (Rom. 10:9–13; John 8:24).

God has begun to fulfill His plan for the Jewish people by restoring them to Israel (Ezek. 37:1–27). A time will come when Jewish people will experience even worse persecution than in the past, “the time of Jacob’s trouble” (Jer. 30:7). Ultimately, the nations will gather against Jerusalem, attempting to destroy the Jewish nation (Zech. 12:2; 14:2). The Jewish people will finally call out to Yeshua (Jesus) the Messiah to save them (Zech. 12:10), leading to the Lord’s return and deliverance of Israel (Zech. 14:3–5). The Jewish people alive at that time, having believed in Yeshua, will be forgiven and delivered, just as Paul wrote, “all Israel will be saved” (Rom. 11:26). Afterward, the Lord Jesus will establish the throne of David and rule over Israel and the world in Jerusalem (Isa. 2:3–4; 9:7; 11:1–10). In that great messianic kingdom, the true destiny of Israel will be fulfilled: “[T]en people from all languages and nations will take firm hold of one Jew by the hem of his robe and say, ‘Let us go with you, because we have heard that God is with you’” (Zech. 8:23), leading all the nations to the knowledge of the God of Israel.